内容简介
本书是为分子生物学双语教学而编写，适用于高年级本科学生使用。本书内容涵盖分子生物学的中心问题，即DNA复制、转录、翻译和重组。我们从该领域的基本内容（生物大分子的结构与功能）开始，系统、完整地阐述了上述主题，并读者贯通现代知识体系，从而深入理解这些过程是如何进行调控并创造出我们称之为“生命”的动态系统的。我们有目的地使用简洁的语言和详尽的插图来强化双语教学。书中通过嵌入二维码的方式配备了全文各章节英语课文、单词表音频录音，以及英汉对照名词解释，由此进一步强化双语教学目标。二维码内容还包含一些重要的实验技术双语内容，可以帮助学生将课堂所学分子生物学知识与课外学习活动联系起来。通过提供关于分子生物学重要内容和相关领域专业英语方面的训练，本教材能真正为读者提供一种现代的、切合实际的学习方式。
前言
Foreword
Dear Readers,
With this new edition of An Introduction to Molecular Biology with Chinese Translation we continue our mission that has captivated and motivated us from the beginning.Firstly, to convey fundamental concepts of how genetic information is replicated, expressed and modified.Secondly, to assist Chinese readers in learning words and phrases in the English language used to describe these processes.We have been honored by the positive feedback of students over the past decade, and used these comments to maintain and improve the qualities of this book that students value the most: the native English main text, accurate translation, clear figures and audio files narrated in American English.
The past decade has witnessed remarkable advancements in biotechnology — the reduction in cost of DNA sequencing and synthesis, the application of genome engineering techniques such as CRISPR, the use of transposases for generating DNA libraries and profiling chromatin, to name just a few.In each case, these advances would not have been made if not for basic research into genome structure, stability, and expression.We have an enormous amount still to gain from the basic study of molecular biology in a variety of organisms, as well as the innovative application of discoveries to solve challenges in biotechnology.It is our sincere hope that this new edition will advance the goal of introducing Chinese and English-speaking students to this exciting field and fostering global collaboration.
Best wishes,
The Authors
Jan 2018
前言
亲爱的读者：
在新版《英汉对照分子生物学导论》中，我们继续努力达成促使与激励我们编写本书的初衷：首先，讲述遗传信息是如何进行复制、表达和改变的基本概念；其次，帮助中国读者学习描述这些生命过程的英语词汇与短语。我们很荣幸在过去十年里收到不少学生对本书的积极反馈，这些反馈表明了学生最关心本书的以下品质：地道的英语课文，准确的中文翻译，清晰的图解以及美式英语音频文件。在新版《英汉对照分子生物学导论》中，这些品质都得到了维护与提升。
过去十年里生物技术领域取得了令人瞩目的成就：DNA测序与合成成本显著降低、CRISPR等基因编辑技术的应用、使用转座酶生成DNA文库及分析染色质等等，不胜枚举。具体到某一方面，所有成就的取得都是建立在对基因组结构与稳定性以及基因表达特性的基础研究之上的。现今，分子生物学基础研究仍有待在许多不同生物中展开，生物技术领域所面临的挑战也需要创造性地应用分子生物学基础研究成果来应对。我们诚挚希望新版《英汉对照分子生物学导论》能有助于引导中国学生与英语国家学生进入这一令人兴奋的领域并培养全球合作精神。
致以良好祝愿！
作者
2018年1月
Foreword to the First Edition
One of the wonderful things about molecular biology is that the field depends on constant communication.Important questions can only be answered through the collaboration of researchers from all over the world, who each contribute their piece of the puzzle and build on each others work.But this lively interaction also poses challenges, particularly the problem of language.How can scientists collaborate if they speak and publish in different languages?
As it happens, the language of molecular biology is now English.The vast majority of published research is in English, as are most international conferences.The language has become so central because a large number of scientists and research centers that have made important contributions to molecular biology were, and still are, based in England and the United States.The predominance of one language is not necessarily fair, but it is a reality that most professionals working in the field must face.
For Chinese students, learning biology in English can be very exciting, but also quite challenging.Chinese and English are very different languages, with completely different phonetics and writing systems.On top of this, biology textbooks and articles in English are especially difficult to understand, even for native English speakers.There is a lot of unique vocabularies, and there may be sentence structures particular to scientific writing.
In many cases, Chinese students are presented with a giant textbook only in English and instructors hope for the best.Our experience as teachers of molecular biology in China is that this approach is unrealistic.Most students in China at this time, especially those who are on a course of scientific study, do not have enough training in English to understand textbooks written for native English speakers.Struggling with the language often comes at the expense of actually learning the concepts and principles of molecular biology.
We have put together this book with the hope of creating a more realistic, more sympathetic, and more specialized approach to learn molecular biology in English.Advanced students can learn by reading the English portion of the book, and refer to the Chinese translation to check their understanding, or for reference on individual words.Beginners in English can learn from the Chinese portion, and refer to the English for an introduction to vocabularies.With both languages present, students and instructors have more options for how to learn!
An added feature of this book is that all the English texts have been accompanied by audio files.They are especially helpful for those who intend to improve their listening comprehension of academic English.Meanwhile,the elaborately designed figures will enable readers to understand concepts and principles in molecular terms much more easily.
The book covers the material that we feel an advanced, undergraduate student of molecular biology should know.Unlike many textbooks used for molecular biology, this is not meant as a reference book, a large volume where one can look up any facts about the cell.Those kinds of volumes have their use, but we feel that it is unproductive to present students with such piles of information.If students can master all of the information present even in this relatively brief book, they will already be more informed than most students of the field, and even some professionals!
It is with great excitement that we invite you to learn molecular biology with us in English.This is an important age for China and the rest of the world!As China becomes every day more prosperous, its research centers and companies are improving and have much to offer scientific communities around the world.At the same time, the continued development of China depends on the knowledge and skills that have been developed in the West and continue to flourish there.In molecular biology, there is much to gain if we can share and communicate with each other!
Sincerely,
The Authors
October 2007
第一版前言
关于分子生物学的美好事物之一就是这一领域的发展依赖于不断的交流。重大问题只能通过全世界研究人员的合作才能找到答案，每个研究小组为解答难题贡献出他们的研究成果，并在他人研究成果的基础上开展更深入的研究。但是要开展这种密切合作也面临着许多挑战，特别是语言问题。如果科学家们说着不同的语言、用不同的语言发表文章，那他们之间怎么去开展合作呢？
算是一种机缘巧合吧，现在分子生物学所用的语言是英语。绝大多数研究结果都用英语发表，大多数国际会议也用英语发言。由于对分子生物学做出过重大贡献的许多科学家和研究中心都在英国和美国，现在也仍然是这些国家在发挥着主导作用，因此英语已经成为首要的语言。一种语言起主导作用不一定是公平的，但这是大多数在这一领域工作的专业人员必须面对的现实。
对中国学生来说，用英语学习生物学会是很令人兴奋的，但也会是颇具挑战性的。汉语和英语是很不一样的语言，具有完全不同的语音和语法体系。此外，生物学的英语教材和文章特别难以理解，即使对母语为英语的读者来说也是如此。书中有许多特殊的词汇，还会有一些特殊的科技写作方面的惯用句子结构。
许多时候，中国学生拿到手的是一本厚厚的英文教材，教师希望学生从中获得最大的收益。我们在中国讲授分子生物学的体会是：这样的做法是不切合实际的。这一阶段的大多数中国学生，特别是那些还处于科学研究课程学习阶段的学生，并不具备足够的英语能力去理解为母语是英语的读者编写的教材。在语言上的些许进步实际上是以牺牲理解分子生物学概念与原理为代价的。
我们编写此书的目的是想为用英语学习分子生物学提供一种更实际、更让人喜欢和更专业的方法。程度好的学生可以阅读本书的英文部分，并参考中文译文以检查他们的理解情况，或参考个别单词的中文含义。英语程度差一点的学生可以从本书的中文部分学习，并参考英文而开始掌握专业词汇。使用这样的英汉对照教材，在如何学习上学生和教师都可以有更多的选择！
本书的另一个特点是：所有的英语课文都有配套的音频文件。它们对那些希望提高自身专业英语听力水平的人特别有帮助。同时，精心设计的插图能使读者更容易地从分子水平上理解相关的概念与原理。
本书包括的内容是我们认为一个分子生物学高年级本科生应该掌握的。与许多分子生物学教材不同，它不是一本参考书，不是一本让人查阅关于细胞各方面内容的大部头著作。那些大部头著作自然有它们的用武之地，而我们觉得向学生提供这么一大堆信息并不是很有成效的做法。如果学生能掌握这本相对来说比较简单的书中的所有内容，他们就已经是这一领域学生中出类拔萃的了，他们甚至可能比一些专业人员还要强！
能邀请你与我们一道用英语来学习分子生物学让我们觉得很兴奋。中国和世界的其他国家正处于一个重要的时代！随着中国的日益进步与繁荣，中国的研究中心和公司正在取得更大的进展，它们正在为世界科学共同体提供更多的研究成果。同时，中国的持续发展需要了解西方已经拥有的和即将涌现的知识和技能。在分子生物学领域，如果我们能够共享知识与技能并互相交流，我们就都可以取得更大的成就！
作者 谨识
2007年10月
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